Comparative analysis of statistical data and oral hygiene indices among different groups of smokers

  • Received 09.06.2025

  • Revised 27.10.2025

  • Accepted 25.11.2025



  • 589 Views

  • Retrieved from Volume 7, No. 4, 2025

  • Pages 8-19

The aim of the study was to compare the oral hygiene status of individuals consuming different types of tobacco products. The research methodology involved stratification of the sample by type of tobacco use, clinical examination employing standardised indices, comparative statistical analysis, and visual verification of the outcomes. The study was conducted from September 2023 to April 2024 at the private dental clinic of sole proprietor Kravchenko B.I. “GooDDentist”. The highest value of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was recorded among cigarette smokers (13.0 points), whereas users of heat-not-burn systems exhibited the greatest levels of the soft plaque index (3.05) and calculus index (2.90), indicating intensive biofilm accumulation. Consumers of smokeless (application) tobacco demonstrated the highest gingival index (3.60), reflecting gingival irritation. The proportion of each group in the overall clinical cohort comprised 41.7% (cigarette smokers), 36.1% (users of heat-not-burn systems), and 37.2% (pouch tobacco users). The most clinically relevant adjuncts were the disclosing agent (96%), remineralising gel (94%), and glycine-based air-abrasive powder (92%), confirmed by both objective indicators and patient-reported outcomes. Clinical profiles of tobacco users in Ukraine corresponded to trends documented in Germany, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic, where inflammatory, biofilm-related, or caries-associated alterations predominate depending on the type of tobacco exposure. The findings support the feasibility of implementing personalised preventive protocols tailored to the specific tobacco product type, which may be integrated into dental and clinical hygiene practice as well as inform the development of state-level guidelines for individualised prevention of tobacco-associated oral lesions

tobacco use; clinical risk; calculus index; dental prevention; smokeless tobacco; enamel lesions

https://doi.org/10.63341/bmbr/4.2025.08
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